The cell and its organelles
The compartments of the eukaryotic cell and what they do: nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, ribosomes and cytoskeleton, the path of a secreted protein, and the diseases that reveal each organelle.
- 36 cards
- 3 topics
- Free
The outline, topic by topic
Each topic is weighted the way the exam weighs it.
- Concepts
- Scenarios
- Understand
A few cards from the deck
Nucleus: what is it?
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A compartment wrapped in a double membrane pierced by pores, holding the DNA and the nucleolus.
The nucleolus makes the ribosome subunits.
A plasma cell makes thousands of antibodies a second. Which organelle is most developed in it?
- The rough endoplasmic reticulum
- The smooth reticulum
- The peroxisome
- The centrosome
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The rough endoplasmic reticulum
Antibodies are secreted proteins, made on the rough reticulum.
Mitochondrion: what is it?
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A double-membraned organelle that makes most of the ATP through cellular respiration and has its own DNA.
Its DNA is passed on by the mother, with the egg.
What path does a protein destined for secretion follow?
- Rough reticulum, then Golgi, then vesicle, then exocytosis
- Nucleus, then lysosome, then membrane
- Mitochondrion, then Golgi
- Free ribosome, then nucleus
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Rough reticulum, then Golgi, then vesicle, then exocytosis
That is the secretory pathway, from one compartment to the next by vesicles.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum: what is it?
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A membrane network covered with ribosomes, where proteins to be secreted or inserted into membranes are made.
It is very developed in cells that secrete many proteins.
A disease affects muscle and brain and is passed on only by the mother. Where should the mutation be sought?
- On the Y chromosome
- In mitochondrial DNA
- In the ribosomes
- In the Golgi
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In mitochondrial DNA
The embryo's mitochondria all come from the egg.