The main drug classes
The classes of the IFSI pharmacology unit, each with its effect and major side effects: painkillers (paracetamol, NSAIDs, opioids), anticoagulants and antiplatelets, diuretics, antihypertensives, corticosteroids, insulin, benzodiazepines, and what the carer monitors.
- 36 cards
- 3 topics
- Free
The outline, topic by topic
Each topic is weighted the way the exam weighs it.
- Concepts
- Scenarios
- Understand
A few cards from the deck
Paracetamol: what is it?
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A step 1 painkiller and fever reducer, with no anti-inflammatory effect.
In overdose, it destroys the liver; in adults, 4 g a day is usually not exceeded.
A patient gets morphine for cancer pain. What is routinely prescribed with it?
- A laxative
- A diuretic
- Insulin
- An NSAID
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A laxative
Opioid constipation does not wear off over time.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): what is it?
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Pain, fever and inflammation drugs that block prostaglandin synthesis (ibuprofen, ketoprofen).
They carry a risk of stomach ulcer and kidney failure.
Why do NSAIDs damage the stomach?
- They are too acidic
- They kill bacteria
- They do not damage the stomach
- They block the prostaglandins that protect the stomach lining
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They block the prostaglandins that protect the stomach lining
A PPI may be added in at-risk patients.
Opioids: what is it?
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Painkillers for severe pain (step 3: morphine, oxycodone) acting on opioid receptors.
They depress breathing and almost always constipate.
An older person on an ACE inhibitor and a diuretic takes ibuprofen for pain. What is the risk?
- Hypoglycaemia
- Acute kidney injury
- A penicillin allergy
- None
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Acute kidney injury
This triple combination strips the kidney of its defences.