Console input and output

Reading from the keyboard, printing, converting an input, formatting an output (separator, line ending, number of decimals) and checking an input with a loop.

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Standard input: what is it?
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The stream a program reads its data from, connected by default to the console keyboard.
In Python, input() reads a line from this stream and always returns it as a string, even if the user types a number.
What does this program print?

```python
print('a', 'b', sep='-', end='!')
print(f'{3.14159:.2f}')
`
- a-b!3.14
- a b!3.14
- a-b!3.14159
- a-b3.14
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a-b!3.14
sep='-' puts a hyphen between a and b, and end='!' replaces the line break: the second print continues on the same line. .2f keeps two decimals.
In Python, whatever value the user types, the input function always returns a value of type ….
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In Python, whatever value the user types, the input function always returns a value of type string.
input() guesses nothing: typing 7 gives '7', not 7. The program must convert with int() or float().
Standard output: what is it?
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The stream a program writes its results to, shown in the console by default.
print writes the text of the values to it, then by default a line break: the program shows only what it was told to write, nothing more.
The user types 21. What does this program print?

```python
n = input()
print(n * 2)
`
- 42
- 2121
- TypeError
- 21 21
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2121
n is the string '21': * repeats it twice. You needed int(input()) to get 42.

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