IPv6: addresses
The 128-bit address, hexadecimal notation and its two shortening rules, the /64 prefix and the interface identifier, the address types and the absence of broadcast.
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Shortening an IPv6 address: what is it?
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A shorter writing that drops the leading zeros of each group and replaces a single run of null groups with
::.2001:0db8:0000:0000:00a0:0000:0000:0001is written2001:db8::a0:0:0:1. The::can be used only once, otherwise you could no longer tell how many groups each one stands for. Shorten the longest run, the first one in a tie.Which writing names the same address as
2001:0db8:0000:0000:0008:0000:0000:0001?2001:db8::8:0:0:12001:db8::8::12001:db8::8:12001:db8:8:1
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2001:db8::8:0:0:12001:db8::8:0:0:1replaces the first two null groups.2001:db8::8::1uses two::, ambiguous so forbidden.2001:db8::8:1is valid but names2001:db8:0:0:0:0:8:1.2001:db8:8:1has only 4 groups.An IPv6 address is … bits long, written as … groups of 16 bits in hexadecimal, separated by colons.
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An IPv6 address is 128 bits long, written as 8 groups of 16 bits in hexadecimal, separated by colons.
Each group has 4 hexadecimal digits, so 8 × 4 = 32 digits in all. IPv4 has only 32 bits.
IPv6 network prefix: what is it?
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The first bits of an address, shared by all the machines of the same network; on a local network it is 64 bits long.
In
2001:db8:cafe:1::abc/64, the first four groups (2001:db8:cafe:1) form the prefix: 4 groups of 16 bits = 64 bits.