Replication, transcription and translation
From DNA to protein: the structure of DNA and RNA, semi-conservative replication, transcription and splicing, translation by the ribosome, and what mutations do (substitution, frameshift, stop codon), with their diseases.
- 41 cards
- 4 topics
- Free
The outline, topic by topic
Each topic is weighted the way the exam weighs it.
- Concepts
- The steps
- Scenarios
- Understand
A few cards from the deck
DNA: what is it?
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A double helix of nucleotides whose bases pair A with T and C with G.
The two strands are complementary and antiparallel.
From gene to protein: which step comes after "Transcription of the gene into pre-messenger RNA"?
- Splicing: introns removed
- Messenger RNA leaves the nucleus
- Binding to the ribosome
- Reading the AUG start codon
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Splicing: introns removed
Information flows from DNA to RNA in the nucleus, then from RNA to protein in the cytoplasm.
RNA: what is it?
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A nucleic acid, usually single-stranded, in which uracil replaces thymine.
Messenger, transfer and ribosomal RNA all take part in translation.
The complementary strand of 5'-ATGC-3' is…
- 5'-TACG-3'
- 5'-ATGC-3'
- 5'-UACG-3'
- 5'-GCAT-3'
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5'-GCAT-3'
A opposite T, C opposite G, and the strands are antiparallel: the complement reads backwards.
Semi-conservative replication: what is it?
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DNA copying in which each new molecule keeps one old strand and gets one new one.
It takes place during the S phase of the cycle.
Why is replication called semi-conservative?
- Only half the genome is copied
- Half the errors are kept
- Each daughter molecule keeps one of the two original strands
- Both strands are new
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Each daughter molecule keeps one of the two original strands
Each old strand serves as template for its new partner.