Use case diagram

The notation of the UML use case diagram: primary and secondary actors, use cases, the system boundary, include, extend and generalisation relationships.

  • 21 cards
  • 4 topics
  • Free

The outline, topic by topic

Each topic is weighted the way the exam weighs it.

  1. Concepts
  2. Questions
  3. Sort and link
  4. Understand

A few cards from the deck

  • Primary actor: what is it?

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    A role outside the software that starts a use case to reach a goal.

    It is a role, not a person: one user can play several roles (customer, administrator), and another piece of software can play one.

  • A booking application calls a bank service to validate a card. What is that service's role in the diagram?

    • A secondary actor, called on by the software
    • A primary actor, because it takes part in the use case
    • A use case, because it provides a service
    • A subsystem, drawn inside the boundary
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    A secondary actor, called on by the software

    The service is outside the software and starts nothing: it answers. It is therefore an actor, and a secondary one. Taking part in a case is not enough to be primary: it has to start it.

  • A use case's name starts with a …: “Buy a ticket”, not “Ticket” nor “Click Submit”.

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    A use case's name starts with a verb: “Buy a ticket”, not “Ticket” nor “Click Submit”.

    A noun alone does not say what the actor gets, and a click describes the screen, not the goal.

  • Secondary actor: what is it?

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    A role outside the software that it calls on to complete a use case, without having started it: a bank, a payment service.

    To tell it from the primary one, look at who takes the initiative: the primary actor starts the case, the secondary one answers the software.

  • Why is “Click Submit” not a use case?

    • Because a use case's name must never start with a verb
    • Because only secondary actors act on the screen
    • Because a use case must always be joined to at least two actors
    • Because it is a screen gesture, not a complete goal of the actor
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    Because it is a screen gesture, not a complete goal of the actor

    The diagram says which services the software provides, not how the screen is built. Clicking Submit is a step described later, inside the flow of a case like “Buy a ticket”.