Confidence and self-efficacy

Bandura's self-efficacy and its four sources, from strongest to weakest.

The outline, topic by topic

Each topic is weighted the way the exam weighs it.

Self-efficacy: what is it?
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A person's belief in their ability to succeed at a specific task (Bandura).
It predicts effort and persistence.
To restore a gymnast's confidence, what to offer first?
- A simplified version he will succeed at
- Only an encouraging speech
- A video of an Olympic champion
- An immediate competition
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A simplified version he will succeed at
Personal success is the strongest source.
Mastery experiences: what is it?
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Past personal successes at the task.
It is the most powerful source of confidence.
Why does a champion's video motivate less than a peer at the same level?
- A video can never serve as a model
- We identify better with a model who resembles us
- The peer succeeds better than the champion
- Only verbal persuasion affects confidence
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We identify better with a model who resembles us
Vicarious experience depends on resemblance.