Piaget, Wallon and Vygotsky applied to movement

Piaget's stages, Wallon's tonic dialogue and Vygotsky's zone of proximal development: what developmental psychology says about movement.

The outline, topic by topic

Each topic is weighted the way the exam weighs it.

Sensorimotor stage: what is it?
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Piaget's first stage (0-2 years) where intelligence works through action and the senses.
Children discover the world by handling it.
A teacher offers a vault the pupil fails alone but succeeds with spotting. Where does the task lie?
- In the zone of proximal development
- At the level of actual development
- Out of reach
- At Fitts and Posner's autonomous stage
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In the zone of proximal development
Done alone, it would be at the actual level; failed even with help, out of reach: help drives progress in between.
Assimilation and accommodation: what is it?
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Fitting a situation into what one already knows, or changing what one knows to adapt to it.
Learning is balancing the two.
Why does Vygotsky stress the role of others in learning?
- He thinks children learn nothing alone
- Children build knowledge through exchanges with someone more skilled
- He thinks development must come before learning
- He credits progress to maturation alone
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Children build knowledge through exchanges with someone more skilled
For Piaget, development comes before learning and children build mostly through their own action; for Vygotsky, learning with others pulls development forward.