How Europe regulates digital technology
Six recent texts and what each one governs: digital markets, digital services, data governance, the Data Act, artificial intelligence and the French law of 21 May 2024.
- 25 cards
- 6 topics
- Free
The outline, topic by topic
Each topic is weighted the way the exam weighs it.
- Concepts
- Questions
- Sort and link
- On the timeline
- The numbers
- Scenarios
A few cards from the deck
Digital Markets Act (DMA): what is it?
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A 2022 European regulation imposing duties on the very large designated platforms so that the market stays open to their competitors.
It is about competition, not content. The Commission can fine up to 10% of worldwide turnover, and 20% for repeat offences.
Which of these practices does the Digital Markets Act forbid a gatekeeper?
- Combining data from two of its services without the user's consent
- Refusing an app that contains malware in its store
- Freely setting the price of subscriptions to its own services
- Ranking its search results by relevance to the query
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Combining data from two of its services without the user's consent
The regulation forbids a gatekeeper to combine personal data across its services without consent, because it locks the market. It may still refuse a dangerous app, set its prices and rank by relevance, as long as it does not favour itself.
A platform that ignores a report of illegal content falls under the Digital … Act, while a comparison service favouring itself falls under the Digital … Act.
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A platform that ignores a report of illegal content falls under the Digital Services Act, while a comparison service favouring itself falls under the Digital Markets Act.
A content issue belongs to the DSA; a competition issue between a dominant platform and its rivals belongs to the DMA.
Gatekeeper: what is it?
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A very large platform designated by the European Commission, an unavoidable route between businesses and their customers.
The Commission designates, not a national authority; designation triggers the duties of the Digital Markets Act.